GENETICS-INFORMATIONGENETICS GLOSSARY
recessive - two copies of the gene must be present for it to show
dominant - only one copy of the gene must be present for it to show
allele - a symbol used to represent a gene
genotype - the code made up of alleles used to describe what is present biologically
phenotype - how the makeup of genes is expressed visually
BASE COLORS
Island Parrot Eagles come in an array of feather colors, each starting with their 'base' color. The base color determines the colors of the other patterns, when not modified- patterns are always, in and of themselves, a lighter or darker shade of the base color!
Base colors are separates into three groups: 'unmodified', 'dilute' and 'parrot'.
Unmodified:When not modified by
dilution or
parrot, the base colors are the following.
Black (B) - Brown (b) - Ash-red (ba) - Gold (bg)

The alleles have several combinations determining how the color is expressed.
BB = black
Bb = black, carries brown
Bba = black, carries ash-red
Bbg = black, carries gold
bb = brown
bba = brown, carries ash-red
bbg = brown, carries gold
baba = ash-red
babg = ash-red, carries gold
bgbg = gold
Diluted:Dilute is caused when there are two copies of the 'd' allele, and it modifies the base color as follows:
Black becomes
Gray -
Brown becomes
Buff -
Ash-red becomes
Brandy -
Gold becomes
Cream
The alleles that determine no dilution, carrying dilution and dilution are as follows.
DD = no dilute
Dd = no dilute, carries dilute
dd = is dilute
Parrot:Parrot is caused when there are two copies of the 'p' allele, and it modifies the base color as follows:
Black becomes
Indigo - appears blue to purple
Brown becomes
Tangerine - appears orange to darker yellow
Ash-red becomes
Rose - appears red to pink
Gold becomes
Melon - appears lighter yellow to green

The alleles that determine no parrot, carrying parrot and parrot are as follows.
PP = no parrot
Pp = no parrot, carries parrot
pp = parrot
Dilute + Parrot:When both are present, it is referred to as 'pastel'. They do not have their own unique color names- simply 'pastel' added in front of their parrot color word.
Pastel Indigo - Pastel Tangerine - Pastel Rose - Pastel Melon

WHITE COVERAGE
White is, essentially, lack of pigment. This category includes white spotting- which works similarly to cats- as well as albino, and point.
POINT & ALBINISMPoint is, essentially, semi-albinism - meanwhile, albinism is the complete lack of pigmentation. The point and albinism inheritance and alleles for island parrot eagles is based directly from cats!
Color point and albino eagles are born white, as opposed to the usual dirty grey and brown mottling found on eaglets. Mink and sepia point eaglets still have slightly darker coloring. When they are adults, the points will have fully come in. These points localize around the face, legs, tail and wings, and fade any markings inbetween these areas.
Albino meanwhile completely overrides all markings, making the bird stark white. It differs from dominant white bird genetically, while, appearance wise, the best way to tell the difference are the pale,
pink to
yellow beaks albino birds have. These birds are highly sensitive to light, and can have a myriad of other health problems as well.
Color point birds are normally healthy overall, and do not have the same light sensitivity as albinos, although they are more light sensitive than normal birds the lighter they are.

CC = normal pigmentation
Cc = normal pigmentation, carries pink eyed albino
Cca = normal pigmentation, carries blue eyed albino
Ccs = normal pigmentation, carries color point
Ccb = normal pigmentation, carries sepia point
caca = blue eyed albino
cac = blue eyed albino, carries pink eyed albino
cc = pink eyed albino
cscs = color point
csca = color point, carries blue eyed albino
csc = color point, carries pink eyed albino
cscb = mink point
cbcb = sepia point
cbca = sepia point, carries blue eyed albino
cbc = sepia point, carries pink eyed albino
WHITEWhite covers the normal pigment. This can be full- as seen with WW 'dominant white', which blots out all the colors- or partial, making a piebald effect. These are separate genes - dominant white and white spotting.
There is also a gene that modifies specifically 'Ww' - dominant white carrying no white. This is called 'Partial-Dom White' white, or 'Topper White'. This has no effect on WW - full dominant white- nor on white spotting.

WtWt = Ww is not effected
Wtwt = Ww is not effected, carries the partial-mod white
wtwt = only effects Ww - causes toppers to show through white
WW = dominant white
Ww = dominant white, carries no white
ww = no white
WsWs = white spotting
Wsws = white spotting, carries no white spotting
wsws = no white spotting
PATTERN COLOR MODIFIERS
In most cases, island parrot eagles will only have patterns lighter or darker than their base coat. However, with color modifiers present in the genotype, it can either carry or express an array of colors!
ERASEErase, also called solid or no-pattern, is a recessive gene which overrides any markings the bird may have, leaving it one solid color; it's base color. The only gene it has no effect on is white, point and albino. 'Ghosted erase' is a secondary type of erase that is less common; it causes the markings to be almost entirely faded, but show slightly, creating a similar look to
ghost tabby in cats.
EE = no erase
Ee = no erase, carries erase
ee= erase
Eeg = no erase, carries ghosted erase
eeg = erase, carries ghosted erase
egeg = ghosted erase
PARTIAL PARROTPartial parrot heightens the colors of some markings to the bird's parrot color. For example, a black bird would have indigo markings. It can either effect all, or some markings. Partial parrot covers all other color modifiers when present.
(FIX) When on parrot, (what does it do).
The image above shows a brief example of how partial parrot can appear.
The first is full partial parrot where the color fully covers all.
The second is also full, but shows how full cat have a 'faded' effect, even without a modifier!
The third is partial parrot only on toppers. This can happen with unders as well, but there is no example.
The final one shows full partial parrot again in another way it can express; all markings are effected except topside, which can happen as sometimes, certain markings are left unaffected entirely.PAPA = no partial parrot
PApa = carries partial parrot - can effect all markings
papa = partial parrot - can effect all markings
PApatp = carries partial parrot - effects topper markings only
papatp = partial parrot - effects toppers markings partially
patppatp = partial parrot - covers all topper markings
PApaud = carries partial parrot - effects unders markings only
papaud = partial parrot - effects unders markings partially
paudpaud = partial parrot - covers all unders markings
patppaud = partial parrot - can effect all markings, carries both unders-only parrot and topper-only parrot
TANNING
Tanning makes markings tan. This can either be full or partial coverage. Tan can be a lighter, creamy tan, or darker tans. When appearing with partial parrot, it is covered by partial parrot if they appear on the same space. When appearing with soot in the same space, the two blend to make a dirty-blonde or greyish-brown hue. When appearing with sky in the same space, tanning will go over sky. When appearing with ivory in the same space, tanning will go over ivory. When appearing with cherry in the space space, it makes cherry pink.
TT = full tanning, can effect all markings
Tt = partial tanning, can effect all markings
TTTP = tan partially overtakes topper markings
TTPTTP = tan fully overtakes all toppers markings
TTPt = tan partially overtakes topper markings
TTUD = tan partially overtakes unders markings
TUDTUD = tan full overtakes all unders markings
TUDt = tan partially overtakes unders markings
TTPTUD = full tanning, can effect all markings - carries both under-only tanning and topper-only tanning
tt = no tanning
SOOT
Soot makes markings grey to black. This can be either full or partial coverage. When appearing with partial parrot, it is covered by partial parrot if they appear on the same space. When appearing with tanning in the same space, the two blend to make a dirty-blonde or greyish-brown hue. When appearing with sky in the same space, soot will go over sky. When appearing with ivory in the same space, soot will go over ivory. When appearing with cherry in the space space, it cover cherry.
SS = soot overtakes all markings - color is often darkened
Ss = soot partially overtakes all markings, carries no soot - color is often lightened
SStp = soot fully overtakes topper markings
StpStp = soot fully overtakes topper markings - color is often darkened
Stps = soot partially overtakes topper markings, carries no soot - color is often lightened
SSun = soot partially overtakes unders markings
SunSun = soot fully overtakes all unders markings - color is often darkened
Ssuns = soot partially overtakes all unders markings, carries no soot - color is often lightened
StpSun = soot overtakes all markings - carries both under-only soot and topper-only soot
ss = no soot
FADING
Fading makes markings fade. It reveals the base color underneath, leaving portions vanishing slightly. It can effect any and all markings, and specific types can even fade white. It does not fade albinism.
FF = no fading
Ff = no fading, carries fading
ff = fading that fades only Ww white; does not fade markings
Fftp = no fading, carries topper fading
fftp = fading, fades topper markings and Ww white
ftpftp = fading, fades only topper markings
Ffun = no fading, carries under fading
ffun = fading, fades unders markings and Ww white
funfun = fading, fades only unders markings
ftpfun = fades all markings but not Ww white
SKY
Sky makes markings a grayish blue, to sometimes lighter, desaturated blues. When appearing with partial parrot, it is covered by partial parrot if they appear on the same space. When appearing with tanning in the same space, tan will cover sky. When appearing with soot in the same space, soot will go over sky. When appearing with ivory in the same space, sky will go over ivory. When appearing with cherry in the space space, it will make the markings a purple tint - nicknamed 'plum'.
SKSK = no sky
SKsk = carries sky that can effect all markings
sksk = sky, can effect all markings - toppers are darker, unders are lighter
SKsktp = carries sky that only effects topper markings
sksktp = sky that only effects topper markings, darker 'blue' - can either be full coverage (effecting all topper markings) or partial coverage (effecting some topper markings)
sktpsktp = sky that effects all toppers markings
SKskun = carries sky that only effects unders
skskun = sky that only effects unders, lighter 'blue' - can either be full coverage (effecting all unders markings) or partial coverage (effecting some unders markings)
skunskun = sky that effects all unders markings
sktpskun = sky, can effect all markings - toppers are darker, unders are lighter
BLUSH
Blush makes facial and neck markings a reddish or pinkish color - can be tinted slight orange or salmon on gold and ash-red - goes over ivory when ivory is present - and it goes over all other colors, except partial parrot, when present in the same space. Blush does not extend beyond the neck, thus causing the color to fade out as it goes further down.
BLBL = no blush
BLbl = carries blush that can effect all face markings
blbl = blush, effects some or all face markings -toppers are darker, unders are lighter
BLbltp = carries blush that effects only toppers
blbltp = blush that effects only some or all toppers, darker 'red'
BLblun = carries blush that only effects unders
blblun = blush that only effects only some or all unders, lighter 'red'
bltpblun = blush, effects some or all face markings -toppers are darker, unders are lighter
IVORY
Ivory washes out color on markings, making them white or off-white. All markings aside from fleck and specks require ivory to be white or off-white. If in the same location, all other color modifiers cover it.
IVIV = full ivory on all markings
IViv = full ivory on all markings, carries non ivory
iviv = non ivory
IVIVTP = ivory on only toppers
IVIVUD = ivory only on unders
IVTPIVUD = full ivory on all marking
CHERRY
Cherry gives a vibrant reddish tint to markings it touches- usually localized to chest and back markings. It can be full or partial coverage. When appearing with partial parrot, it is covered by partial parrot if they appear on the same space. When appearing with tanning in the same space, it will turn pink. When appearing with soot in the same space, soot will go over cherry. When appearing with ivory in the same space, cherry will go over ivory. When appearing with sky in the space space, it will make the markings a purple tint - nicknamed 'plum'.
ChCh = cherry
Chch = cherry, carries no cherry
chch = no cherry
TOPPER MARKINGS
'Toppers' are the nicknames given to several markings which go 'on top' of unders. They, however, go under 'wingers'.
Certain toppers will cover others when both are present in the same space. Here is the list; the ones farther to the top, cover the ones under them in most cases.
Iridescence
Color Spot
Boots: exception, boots will go under, or over, the tabby genes (budgerigar and lacing)
Cheekies + Eyebrows: when both are present, they can sometimes merge into one marking of the same hue- or, if two different color, fading into one another or just touching, none going over the other- but only when recessive
Ring
Cap
Flecks + Specks
Merle
Patches
Tabby + Budgerigar + Lacing
Topside + Hood
IRIDESCENCEIridescence is a partially recessive gene that causes an almost metallic 'shine' on bird feathers. It is most striking on
black feathers, as it can sometimes create a sort of shiny, colorful display. However it can appear and add a shiny gloss on any color feather.
IrIr = no iridescence
Irir = no iridescence, carries iridescence
irir = iridescence, can effect the full body, individual markings, or only certain areas
COLOR SPOT
Adds a splash of random color onto the chest of the bird within a limited range. Color is determined by it's own color rules and will not be effected by normal color modifiers. Color and the gene are attached to each other, and separates into three main colors: Red (clR), Yellow (clY), and Blue (clBU). They will, however, be effected by dilution, amking the color spot a lighter shade of it's normally vibarnt color.
CLCL = no color spot
CLcl(color) = no color spot, carries color spot of a certain color (CLclR, ClclY, CLclBU)
clRclR = the color spot is red
clRclY = the color spot is orange
clRclBU = the color spot is purple
clYclY = the color spot is yellow
clYclBU = the color spot is green
clBUclBU = the color spot is blue
BOOTS
Boots are dark, usually 'solid rimmed' markings on a bird's legs. They are always a darker hue than the base color. Sometimes a few scattered feathers around boots can cause a slight 'splotchy' end to it, but usually the end is abrupt and easily seen.
BTBT = full boots
BTbt = smaller or no boots, carries no boots
btbt = no boots
CHEEKIES
Cheekies are small, circular markings located under the eye. When recessive, they are typically larger and can sometimes 'fleck' slightly on the edges. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base.
CKCK = no cheeks
CKck = no cheeks, carries cheeks
ckck = cheeks - can sometimes merge into eyebrows
EYEBROWS
Eyebrows are usually circular 'eyebrow' markings just above the eye. When recessive, they can sometimes 'fleck' around the edges, and usually appear larger. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base.
EbEb = no eyebrows
Ebeb = No eyebrows, or smaller eyebrows or 'flecks', carries full eyebrows
ebeb = eyebrows - can sometimes merge into cheeks
CAP
Cap creates a small 'cap on the head, sometimes fading down the neck, but never beyond the center of the neck. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base.
CPCP = no cap
CPcp = no cap, carries cap
cpcp = full cap
RING
Ring creates a set of one or more rings around the neck. These cat be solid, jagged, or even have 'gaps' in them. When dominant, ring can go beyond three rings and go down the body. Ring typically goes full-round the bird- although a few, smaller rings can sometimes cut off earlier. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base.
RR = dominant ring - ring can extend beyond neck and start going down the body
Rr = ring - restricted to neck, 1 to 3 rings
rr = no rings
FLECKS
Flecks are long streaks of color on a bird. They are usually smaller, but thin. They do not appear as circles, but can appear with circular tips- almost like long tear drops. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base. They can also be white without a modifier.
FsFs = flecks
Fsfs = flecks only on the belly and sometimes wings, carries no-flecks
fsfs = no-flecks
SPECKS
Specks are circular specks all over the bird of varying sizes. They cannot be long and thin like flecks. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base. They can also be white without a modifier.
SpSp = specks
Spsp = minimal specks, carries no-specks
spsp = no-specks
MERLE
Merle mimics the merle pattern in dogs for the most part; it creates a faded 'grayish' patch over the back of the bird, with 'holes' showing the base color. Double merle, like with dogs, can sometimes cause health problems, as well as blindness and deafness, although not always.
MM = double merle - can cause blindness and deafness
Mm = merle
mm = non merle
PATCHES
Patches are small, random patches that can appear anywhere on the bird. They can be faded and wispy, or thick and dark, but are typically not too large. They can be a mix of several colors if color modification is present, or even without, although it'd be limited to different hues of the base coat. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base.
Patches can sometimes have tabby and related markings show through, causing them to turn similar colors to the patched and making a mottled, almost calico or tortie effect.
PTPT = no patches
PTpt = no patches, carries patches
ptpt = patches
TABBY, BUDGERIGAR, AND LACINGTabby, budgerigar and lacing are all caused by the same gene. It is a gene that only shows when the 'nt' gene is recessive; meaning that a bird showing any of these would have to be ntnt/tbtb, as an example.
'Tabby' mimics the markings found in cats-
mackerel,
classic,
spotted,
braided,
marbled and
rossetes only, 'ticked tabby' not being present. It can also mimic the spots of some wild cat, such as
leopards and
king cheetahs. 'Budgerigar' mimics the stripe back and neck markings on
budgies. Lacing mimics the laced appearance of
chickens and
other birds.
Tabby can sometimes create some secondary markings that seem to go with it. For example,
'cat eyeliner', or the whiter markings around the eye, as well as sometimes the reddish-orange tinge seen in black rossetted tabbies,
the darker face ticking, and orangery nose tints on black tabbies, as well as a slightly lighter underbelly- though not to the 'stark' degree underside has- and even the slightly
brown tint found in blue tabbies on gray birds.
NtNt = tabby is not expressed
Ntnt = tabby is not expressed, can appear as 'ghost tabby', carries expressed tabby
ntnt = tabby is expressed
TbTb = tabby markings, mackerel
Tbtb = tabby markings - appear as mackerel or classic
tbtb = tabby markings - appear as mackerel, classic, braided, marbled, or king-cheetah
tbro = tabby markings - appear as spotted
roro = tabby markings - appear as rosettes, or leopard spots
Tbbd = tabby markings, mackerel - carries budgerigar
tbbd = tabby markings - appear as broken mackerel, broken classic, broken braided, broken marbled or broken king cheetah- carries budgerigar
robd = tabby markings - appear as thin, blotchy rossettes following a budgerigar like line
bdbd = budgerigar markings
Tbli = tabby markings, mackerel - carries lacing
tbli = tabby markings - appear as mackerel, classic, braided, marbled or king cheetah - carries lacing
roli = tabby markings - appear as dappled rossettes following a lace like line
lili = lacing
There is also a tabby-specific modifier called 'duplicate.'It allows tabby markings as seen on the body of a feline to show on the wings, it may also have an effect on lacing and budgerigar (which can always show on the wings), sometimes making it darker and more mottled. Without duplicate, the farthest you can do with stripes up the wing with cat based tabby patterns is
this. It only effects tabby and while non-tabbies can carry it it does nothing.
**This gene is still being worked on.**DPDP = no duplicate
DPdp = no duplicate, carries duplicate
dpdp = duplicate
TOPSIDE
Topside is a marking that starts at the back of the bird and goes doe the side, typically from the forehead, all the way to the tail tip, although sometimes it starts at the beak to the tail tip, ad sometimes it ends on the back. Topside can sometimes have small 'gaps in in, typically along the neck region, but cannot form complex patterns. Unmodified, it can be a darker or lighter color in the same hue of the base.
TsTs = topside
Tsts = topside, carries no topside
tsts = no topside
HOOD
Hood is a dark, hood marking over the head of the bird, extending to the neck. It is always a darker color than the base coat and never goes beyond the shoulders. It cannot be shorter than under the chin.
HH = no hood
Hh = no hood, carries hood
hh = hood
UNDERS MARKINGS
Unders markings are a group of markings that are typically effected in a similar way, and that always go under toppers and wingers. Bald covers all unders, mask covers underbelly, and socks covers underbelly.
SOCKS
Looks like boots, but is always a lighter color than the base coat. Can be any lighter hue of the base coat when not modified.
SoSo = no socks
Soso = no socks or small 'flecks' where socks would be, carries socks
soso = socks
BALD
Bald is one of the few markings that can, and usually is, white without a modifier. It mimic a bald eagle's 'bald' white head, and can be pure white, to off-whites of the same hue of the base coat, if not modified.
BLDBLD = no bald
BLDbld = no bald, carries bald
bldbld = bald
MASK
Mask is a marking that starts around the eye and spreads to create a symmetrical 'mask' on the face. It always goes over the eyes, though it's size ranges from bird to bird. It cannot form complex patterns and never covers the full head or neck. It can be any lighter or darker hue of the base coat if not modified.
MAMA = mask
MAma = small mask
mama = no mask
UNDERBELLY
Underbelly is a marking that can cover the entire or parts, of the bird's underside- not just the belly, but under the neck, legs, tail and wings as well. Underbelly can be any lighter or darker hue of the base coat if not modified.
UNUN = underbelly, goes to to face or to chin
UNun = underbelly, goes up to chest
unun = no underbelly
WINGER MARKINGS
Wingers are markings that work similar to toppers- being effected by color genes that effect only toppers- but usually covers topper markings and is localized to the wing and tail.
SOLID
Solid is a marking that blots out any and all other colors on at least the topside of the wing where it covers. It is a solid patch of color.
SLDSLD = no solid
SLDsld = a mark towards the top ring of the wings
sldsld = solid colored wing of a darker or lighter hue than the main color
BAR, FLECK AND TIPPEDBarring is similar to barring in
pigeons.
Fleck is similar to body-fleckling except it extends to wings and doesn't go outside the wing, and, unlike it, cannot be white without a modifier.
Tipped tips some, or most wings, in a different color. They can be any lighter or darker hue of the base coat if not modified.
All birds carry bar but similarly to tabby, there is a gene that covers it on barless birds
NBRNBR = shows bar
NBRnbr = shows bar, carries non-showing
nbrnbr = doesn't show
BrBr = fleck
Brbr = tipped
brbr = bar
NON-COLOR RELATED GENES
These are genes which modify the body of the bird- how the beak looks, the feathers, tail, wings, and so forth. These genes are not very common and will not often been seen on regular adoptables.
CREST
Crest, without modifiers, creates few longer feathers on the head- modifiers will be added in future for more crazy looks.
CRCR = no crest
CRcr = no crest, carries crest
crcr = crest
CHOOSING EYE, BEAK AND FEET COLORS
EYESEyes go by base color, and white.
BLACK
Common: Brown, Red, Orange, Gold, Yellow, Orange
Uncommon: Hazel, Green, Teal
Rare: Blue, Deep Blue, Ice Blue, Purple
Never: Albino Pink
BROWN
Common: Brown, Red, Orange, Gold, Yellow, Orange, Hazel, Green
Uncommon: Teal
Rare: Blue, Deep Blue, Ice Blue, Purple
Never: Albino Pink
ASH-RED
Common: Hazel, Green, Teal
Uncommon: Brown, Red, Orange, Gold, Yellow, Orange, Blue, Deep Blue, Ice Blue, Purple
Never: Albino Pink
GOLD
Common: Hazel, Green, Teal
Uncommon: Brown, Red, Orange, Gold, Yellow, Orange, Blue, Deep Blue, Ice Blue, Purple
Never: Albino Pink
WHITE NEAR FACE
Common: Blue, Deep Blue, Ice Blue, Purple
POINT AND SEPIA POINT
Always: Blue, Deep Blue, Ice Blue, Purple
ALBINO
Always: Albino Pink, Albino Blue
UNCOMMON IN ALL COATS
Grey, Black, White, Heterochromia
PARROT COLORS
Colors are often brighter and more vibrant - typically uncommon colors become slightly more common
BEAKSBeaks go by base color, and white. Feet are usually the beak color.
BLACK
Common: Black, Gray - yellow or orange cere
Uncommon: Yellow, Orange, Brown - black or gray cere
Rare: Patterned Beak, "Parrot" colors (but only with partial parrot present)
Never: Pink, White
BROWN
Common: Black, Gray - yellow or orange cere
Uncommon: Yellow, Orange, Brown - black, brown or gray cere
Rare: Patterned Beak, "Parrot" colors (but only with partial parrot present)
Never: Pink, White
ASH-RED
Common: Yellow, Brown, Orange - black, brown, grey, yellow or orange cere
Uncommon: Black, Gray
Rare: Patterned Beak, "Parrot" colors (but only with partial parrot present)
Never: Pink, White
GOLD
Common: Yellow, Brown, Orange - black, brown, grey, yellow or orange cere
Uncommon: Black, Gray
Rare: Patterned Beak, "Parrot" colors (but only with partial parrot present)
Never: Pink, White
WHITE NEAR FACE
Makes colors paler
POINTS
Makes colors dark, blacks and browns
ALBINO
Always: Pink, white or pale yellow
UNCOMMON IN ALL COATS
Reddish colored
PARROT COLORS
Common: Patterned beaks, brighter colors, black, red, orange
Uncommon: Greens, blues, purples, brown, grey, rosey-pink
Rare: white
Never: Pink