Panthera - Genetics Guide

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Panthera - Genetics Guide

Postby .lucifer » Thu Feb 13, 2025 7:51 am

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Welcome to the Genetics Guide!

Here you can learn how to design an Arkylian Riding Panther, from picking out the correct lineset, to their different ear, tail, and mane styles, and even their coat colors! First, we will explain all the different parts of a Panther Geno- the block of information which tells you what traits your Panther has- and then we will go into detail about the different genes and how they affect certain aspects of a Panther's design.


Understanding Your Genos

Most Arkylian Riding Panthers start out as simple Genos (short for "Genotype" - The least amount of information needed. Unless something has gone wrong, though, your Geno should always come with the Genotype already decoded into their traits and colors!). A "Geno" is the block of text which tells you what Breed, Genes, Traits and Colors your Panther has. As an example, lets view a Geno now!

Breed: Saddlebred 100%
Element: None
Geno: aa BB CC DD EE FF GG HH II JJ KK LL MM OO PP rr SS TT UU VV ww ZZ
Ears: Short Round
Mane: None
Tail: Long
Claws: Normal
Fangs: Normal
Color: Black Solid

As you can see on the first line, the cat above is a Pure (100%) Saddlebred. This means that they will be designed on the Saddlebred Lineart!

Their Element is None, meaning they are most at home Exploring in the Savannah biome. This is important for when you want to send your Panther (or a party of panthers!) out to collect Alchemical Reagents for you! But you can read more about that on the Exploration thread.

The third line lists out their Genotype. Its always a good idea to check the genotype over for recessive genes! For example, while this cat only shows a Black Solid coat, it is actually carrying the recessive form of the R gene. R only affects Agouti panthers, so it doesn't have an effect on this cat, but if it has any Agouti cubs, it would affect them!

The fourth line lists the Ear Type. Panthers can have two different ear shapes, Round or Pointed, and two different ear sizes, Long and Short. This cat has Short Round ears! Panthers can also sometimes sport tufts on their eartips.

The fifth line lists the Mane Type. Panther manes come in three lengths: None (Which this Saddlebred has), Partial, and Full. Manes also come in two different textures: Coarse, which is fluffy and short like fur, and Silky, which is long and straight like hair.
In addition, manes can either be Dark or Light colored. A Dark Mane will be the Panther's base color, or perhaps a shade darker than the base. A Light mane can range widely in exact color, from a lighter shade of the base to pure white.

The sixth line lists the Tail Type. Panther tails come in three types: Long, Short, and Bobtail. Panthers will always show a mane on their tail that matches the mane on their body, unless their owner maintains a certain haircut for them!

The seventh and eighth lines list the Claw and Fang type respectively. Panthers have recessive genes that can cause their Claws or Fangs to grow abnormally long. This Saddlebred, however, is presenting normal Claws and Fangs.

The final line lists the coat color of the Panther. This line will tell you what colors your panther will be. For this Saddlebred, they are a simple solid black.


Breeds
Crossbreeding and Determining your Lineset

Arkylian Riding Panthers come in three distinct breeds:
Saddlebreds, which visually resemble Cheetahs, are notably speedy and have high endurance.
Warmbloods resemble Snow Leopards. They are well known for their agility and ability to climb.
Draft Panthers are heavyweights which resemble Tigers. They are skilled hunters, and are able to carry very heavy loads, leading to their use as work or pack animals.

Saddlebred
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Warmblood
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Draft
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Every Panther Geno will start by telling you the make-up of that Panther's breeds. The different Panther breeds can be bred together, resulting in crossbreeds. The way crossbreed portions are calculated is simple: Each parent gives half of their own breed portions to their cubs.

As an example, lets say we crossed a pure Saddlebred with a pure Warmblood. Their cubs would each be 50% Saddlebred 50% Warmblood.

Now, if we took one of these 50/50 Crossbreeds and bred them to a pure Draft panther, the resulting cubs would be 50% Draft, 25% Saddlebred, and 25% Warmblood. Each parent contributed 50% of their breeds. Now this gets a bit complex as we get into different mixes of Breeds. Luckily, most users will never have to calculate their breed percentages themselves.

The last thing to know about crossbreeding is if the portion of a breed in a Panther reaches 90% or higher, that cat will be considered a Purebred, and it will round back up to 100%. Meanwhile, if the portion of a breed in a Panther reaches below 10%, that breed portion is considered "bred out", and the negligible portion will be re-allocated to the largest breed portion.

This is so we don't have Panthers running around with odd off percentages like "87.5% Saddlebred, 9.375% Warmblood, 3.125% Draft". In the above example, the 3.125% Draft would be considered negligible, and added back to the 87.5% Saddlebred, bringing the Saddlebred to 90.625%. Since that is more than 90% Saddlebred, the cat would be rounded up to 100% (Pure) Saddlebred.

Now, we have our breed portions listed. What do they mean?
Put simply, the lineart used for a given geno will be whichever breed has the largest portion in the cat. If the cat has tied portions- Such as a 50/50 Crossbreed- then the lineart used can be selected by the player in their Geno Design Request, or left up to Artist Choice.


Body Conformation Genes
The F, G, H, J, K, O, P, U, and V Loci

The next step to understanding a Panther's design is understanding the different Manes, Ears, and Tails it can have, along with the Overgrown Claws and Overgrown Fangs mutations.

Tail Length
This gene controls the length of a Panther's Tail.
Remember, the appearance of the tail will also
be affected by the Panther's Mane, if it has one!

Tail
FF, Ff, ff

A Panther with FF will have a long
tail, while a Panther with Ff will
have a Short tail, and a Panther
with ff will have a Bobtail.
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Overgrown Mutations
These genes correspond to the abnormal growth of
the fangs and claws of a Panther. These mutations
are not known to have detrimental health effects,
but instead are considered entirely cosmetic.

Overgrown Fangs
GG, Gg, gg
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with GG or Gg will have Normal Fangs,
while a Panther with gg will have Overgrown
Fangs.
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Overgrown Claws
OO, Oo, oo
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with OO or Oo will have Normal Claws,
while a Panther with oo will have Overgrown
Claws.




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Mane Genes
These genes control the Length, Texture, and
Color of a Panther's Mane. Remember, the mane
will present on both the Body and on the Tail!

Mane Length
HH, Hh, hh
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with HH will have No Mane,
while a Panther with Hh will have a
Partial mane, and a Panther with hh
will have a Full Mane.
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Mane Texture
KK, Kk, kk
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with KK or Kk will have a
Coarse Mane, while a Panther with kk
will have a Silky Mane.
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Mane Color
UU, Uu, uu
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A Panther with UU or Uu will have a
Dark Mane, while a Panther with uu
will have a Light Mane.
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Ear Genes
These three genes control the Length and Shape
Of a Panther's ears, as well as if the ears are
Tufted or not.

Ear Length
JJ, Jj, jj
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with JJ or Jj will have Short
Ears, while a Panther with jj will have
Long Ears.
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Ear Shape
PP, Pp, pp
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A Panther with PP or Pp will have
Round Ears, while a Panther with pp
will have Pointed Ears.
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Ear Tufts
VV, Vv, vv
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with VV or Vv will have
Normal Ears, while a Panther with
vv will have Tufted Ears.
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Base Colors
The B, D, E, and I Loci

A Panther's Base Color is the color that its other markings are based on (Hence the name!). If no other genes are visible, the Panther will present a solid coat of its base color.

Base Colors come in two main types: Black and Red. The E or Erythrism Gene is what controls which type of base your cat will have. If the Erythrism Gene is ee, the Panther will have a Red Based Color. Otherwise, the Panther will have a Black Based Color.

Erythrism
The E Locus, or Erythrism, controls the expression of Black and Red pigments
In a Panther's coat. Dominant mutations on this Locus can also cause a
Eumelanin Mask to present over the top of any Agouti patterning present
on the Panther.

The example panthers below are Black Sable on Red to highlight the
different masking types as clearly as possible.

Heavily Masked
EmEm
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The Panther will display an extensive
eumelanin mask which can extend
over their face, throat, chest,
undersides and legs. Their color is
Black-Based.
Image
Masked
EmE
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will display a eumelanin
mask which can cover their muzzle,
parts of their undersides, as well as
their lower legs and parts of their
tail. Their Color is Black-Based.
Image
Lightly Masked
Eme
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will display a eumelanin
mask which is more restricted, only
covering their paws, tailtip, eartips,
and the bridge of their nose. Their
Color is Black-Based.
Image

















Normal
EE, Ee
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with EE or Ee will have a Black-Based Color.
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Erythristic/Red
ee
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with ee will have a Red-Based Color.
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Black Bases

Black Bases are Colors which stem from Eumelanin, or brown pigment.
These colors tend to be shades of brown.

Black
BB D_
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The Panther's Base will be a dark,
rich black.
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Seal
Bb D_
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The Panther's Base will be a dark
brown.
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Brown
bb D_
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The Panther's Base will be a rich,
mid-tone brown.
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Blue
BB dd
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The Panther's Base will be a shade
of grey.
Image
Lilac
Bb dd
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The Panther's Base will be a
desaturated midtone brown.
Image
Fawn
bb dd
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The Panther's Base will be a light
brown or beige.
Image














Red Bases

Red Bases are Colors which stem from Pheomelanin, or orange pigment.
These colors tend to be shades of orange or yellow.

Red
II D_
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The Panther's Base will be a dark,
rich orange.
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Gold
Ii D_
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The Panther's Base will be a rich
orange-gold.
Image
Banana
ii D_
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The Panther's Base will be a soft
golden yellow.
Image















Cream
II dd
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther's Base will be a shade
of cream.


Image
Merino
Ii dd
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther's Base will be a soft,
light gold.


Image
White
ii dd
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther's Base will be a soft
beige or off-white. Agouti marks
on this color are often very hard
to spot.
Image

















Agouti Patterning
The A, L, M, R, S, T, and Z Loci

A Panther's Agouti Pattern controls the major pattern on their design. Agouti can range from having no markings at all to having spots, or stripes, rosettes and blotches, almost any pattern you can think of.

The Agouti Switch
The A Locus controls if a Panther displays their Agouti
Patterning at all. If this gene is Recessive (aa), the
Panther will be solid, and none of the other Pattern
genes will affect its coat. A solid Panther can, of
course, still carry various pattern-affecting genes that
it can then pass on to its offsping.

Agouti
AA
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A Panther with AA will display its
Agouti Pattern normally.
Charcoal
Aa
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A Panther with Aa will display a
darker Agouti Pattern, with
extended countershading on
its topside.
Solid
aa
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with aa will not display
its Agouti Pattern at all.








Agouti Color
The following gene changes which colors
the lightened Agouti hairs take. The dominant
and heterozygous forms (RR and Rr) only
affect Black-Based colors, however the
recessive form (rr) affects all colors.

Pheomelanin Agouti
RR
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A Panther with RR will show their
markings on a Red-Based background.
Eumelanin Agouti
Rr
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A Panther with Rr will show their
markings on a Black-Based
background.
Silver Agouti
rr
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A Panther with rr will show their
markings on a lightened background.
This background can be a soft gold,
a pale version of the base color, or
even white.









Pattern Density
The Z Locus controls the density of a Panther's Agouti
Pattern. Recessive mutations on this locus can cause
the pattern to appear heavier than normal- known as
Abundism- or sparser than normal.

Normal Pattern
ZZ, Zzs, Zz, zsz
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A Panther with at least one Z allele,
or with zsz will show its pattern at
its normal density.
Sparse
zszs
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with zszs will show a
sparser pattern, with the mark-
ings being thinner and more
spread out.
Heavy
zz
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with zz will show a
heavier pattern than normal,
with the markings being bigger
and often overlapping or clum-
ping together.









Marking Shape
The following genes control the shape of
the Agouti Pattern, whether its made of
stripes, spots, blotches, rosettes, and more!

Spotting
SS, Ss, ss
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A Panther with SS will show a striped
pattern, while a Panther with Ss will
show both spots and stripes, and a
Panther with ss will show only spots.
Bloated Markings
LL, Ll, ll
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with LL or Ll will show
its pattern normally, however a
Panther with ll will have its
markings "bloated", with dark
edges but diluted centers.
Marbling
MM, Mm, mm
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with MM or Mm will show
its pattern normally, however a
Panther with mm will have its
markings move into more
horizontal positions, often
with the markings becoming
blotchy as well.











Ticking
The following gene progressively decimates
the Agouti Markings, leaving behind only hints
of the pattern, and the countershading.

Normal
TT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with TT will not have their
Agouti Pattern changed.
Ticked
Tt
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A Panther with Tt will have their
Agouti Pattern on their body
hidden, leaving residual stripes
on their face, tail, and legs.
Sable
tt
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with tt will have their
Agouti Pattern entirely decimated,
leaving only some countershading
on their topside.








Basic Pattern Names
The following entries are the names of different patterns
of Agouti created by mixing the Spotting, Bloated, and Marbling Genes.

Striped
L_ M_ SS TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of vertical stripes.
Broken Stripes
L_ M_ Ss TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of a mix of vertical stripes and spots.
Serval
L_ M_ ss TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of evenly spaced spots.






Banded
ll M_ SS TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of vertical stripes with dark edges and
diluted centers.
Broken Bands
ll M_ Ss TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of a mix of bands and rosettes.
Rosettes
ll M_ ss TT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a pattern made
of evenly spaced rosettes.







Sokoke
L_ mm SS TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of thin, horizontal stripes.
Broken Sokoke
L_ mm Ss TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of a mix of thin horizontal stripes and
spots.
Linsang
L_ mm ss TT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a pattern made
of horizontally-oriented spots.







Classic
ll mm SS TT
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The Panther will show a pattern made
of thick horizontal stripes.
Ocelot
ll mm Ss TT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a pattern made
of horizontal rosette stripes.
Marbled
ll mm ss TT
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a pattern made
marbled rosettes.






Unique Pattern Names
The following entries are the patterns which
have coined custom names, usually due to
their unique presentation. If a pattern combination
is not on this list, it is safe to assume that it's
name is simply a combination of it's factors, such
as "Charcoal Broken Stripes" or "Sparse Serval".

Mosiac
L_ M_ Ss TT zz
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a pattern that
resembles that of a Marbled Polecat.
Blotched
ll mm Ss TT zszs
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The Panther will show a pattern that
resembles that of a Marbled Cat.
King
L_ M_ ss TT zz
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The Panther will show a pattern that
resembles that of a King Cheetah.






Clouded
ll M_ ss TT zszs
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The Panther will show a pattern that
resembles a Clouded Leopard.
Ticked
Tt
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a reduced
pattern, with residual stripes on
the face, legs and tail.
Barless
Tt zszs
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The Panther will show a reduced
pattern with only a few stripes
left on the face and end of the
tail.








Clear Sable
AA tt zszs
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The Panther will show a reduced
pattern with no stripes and very
little if any dark countershading.
Sable
AA tt
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a reduced
pattern, with no residual stripes
at all, however some dark
countershading will still be
present over the back.
Shaded Sable
AA tt zz
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a reduced
pattern, with no residual stripes
at all, however it will show
extended dark countershading
over the back.









Saddle
Aa tt zszs
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show a reduced
pattern with no stripes and a
dark patch over the back.
Blanket
Aa tt
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show an extended
dark region over the back, with no
stripes.
Tan
Aa tt zz
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Panther will show Agouti hairs
only on its legs, muzzle, eye spots,
chest spots and undersides.









Other Modifiers
The C and W Loci

Whew! The Agouti section sure was long. Just a few more genes to go! This section will explain Points and White Spotting.

Color Restriction
Mutations on the C locus cause the pigment
in a Panther's fur to become progressively
more sensitive to heat, breaking down in warm
parts of the body.

Normal
CC

A Panther with CC will show no
changes to its coat.

Sepia
Ccr
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A Panther with Ccr will have the
warmer parts of its body slightly
diluted.
Mink
crcr
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with crcr will have the
warmer parts of its body moderately
diluted. It's eyes may lighten to teal
tones.
Roan
crc
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with crc will have the
warmer parts of its body heavily
diluted, with the center of the
body becoming very light even
on Black panthers. Its eyes may
lighten to blue tones.










Albino
cc

A Panther with cc will have all
pigment in it's body break down,
resulting in pure white fur and
light blue, lavender, or red eyes.

Piebald
The W gene stands for a dominant mutation
which causes parts of a panther's coat to
become white. Panthers with two copies
of this gene show more white than those
with only one.

No White
ww
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with ww will not show any
white spotting in it's coat.
Low White
Ww
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with Ww will show white
spotting over 0-50% of it's coat.
White spotting on the face may cause
one or both eyes to turn blue.
High White
WW
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
A Panther with WW will show white
spotting over 50-100% of it's coat.
White spotting on the face may cause
one or both eyes to turn blue.
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