Equine Colour Genetics - A Guide For Beginners
Secondly, I hope this is the correct forum for a thing like this. It doesn't quite fit anywhere else. Mods, if I've done something wrong, please move this to an appropriate topic! Thirdly, I would like to emphasise the fact that I am in no way an equine genetics expert. I just happen to enjoy the topic and think it would be nice to share with anyone else interested in horses/genetics. This may also be somewhat useful for all the equine adoptables I see around CS c: *** With that out the way, I assume you're here to learn about colour genetics! This is a fascinating topic, though just like algebra, I doubt it will be useful in your everyday life. I'm a student, and I like to use big fancy words like 'homozygous' because they make me feel smart. Sounds like a foreign language, no? Thank goodness I have a handy explanation sheet of all the technical speak before I even get onto coat colors. The gene we will be using for these fun examples is Tobiano, a common white pattern found in horses. It will be denoted by the abbreviation uppercase T for a dominant gene and lowercase t for a recessive gene. Ready? Homozygous Dominant~ Eg: TT The horse carries only one (hence the -homo bit) type of the gene; the dominant type. The horse will display characteristics of the Tobiano pattern. One of these copies will be passed down on to offspring regardless of the mate's genetic status, ie the foal will always end up with one copy of dominant Tobiano, T plus either a recessive or dominant copy from the partner. The foal may be TT or Tt Heterozygous Dominant~ Eg: Tt The horse caries two (hence the -hetero) types of the gene; One dominant T, and one recessive t. It will still look like an Tobiano horse, since the dominant gene is there to bully the little lowercase letter and get what it wants. However, when breeding, things will be different from a TT horse. Your Tt horse may pass on its T, in which case the foal will have one dominant copy, and therefore will be a Tobiano. The horse may then instead pass on its t, the recessive gene. If this happens, then the foal will not display Tobiano unless it receives a dominant copy of the pattern from the other parent (who must have one or two dominant T genes). Heterozygous Dominant (Again)~ Eg: nT Hold on Chrono, you added an 'n'! What!? This is the exact same as Tt. This literally translates as one T, just like Tt. It just cleans things up to remove the recessive gene and ad the n sometimes. It may have some special meaning, but I honesty don't know why some people use this way of writing heterozygous dominant. Try to avoid this until you are comfortable with genetic codes c: Recessive~ Eg: tt This horse does not carry any dominant Tobiano genes, and therefore does not display the pattern. His foals will always receive one copy of the recessive gene, t. In other words, this horse can never have homozygous Tobiano foals. Here's a handy little chart to think about when breeding horses with the Tobiano pattern. TT x TT Homozygous Dominant x Homozygous Dominant 100% chance of a TT foal. Both parents contribute one dominant T gene. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern TT x Tt Homozygous Dominant x Heterozygous Dominant 50% chance of a TT foal, one dominant T from each parent. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern 50% chance of a Tt foal, on dominant T from one parent, and one recessive t from the other. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern TT x tt Homozygous Dominant x Recessive 100% chance of a Tt foal. One dominant T from one parent, and the recessive t from the other. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern Tt x Tt Heterozygous Dominant x Heterozygous Dominant 50% chance of a TT foal, one dominant T from each parent. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern 25% chance of a Tt foal, one dominant T from one parent, and a recessive t from the other. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern 25% chance of a tt foal, two recessives t from the parents. This foal will not display the Tobiano pattern Tt x tt Heterozygous Dominant x Recessive 50% chance of a Tt foal. One dominant T from one parent, and the recessive t from the other. This foal will display the Tobiano pattern 50% chance of an tt foal. Two recessives t from the parents. This foal will not display the Tobiano pattern tt x tt Recessive x Recessive 100% chance of an tt foal. There are no dominant genes in this pairing to pass on, only recessive ts. This foal will not display the Tobiano pattern Sorta stolen from an explanation to the great Freedom! Hope you don't mind <3 Take a deep breath. Count to ten slowly. Remind yourself that Chrono is the equine colour genetics overlord and must be worshiped by sacrifices of chocolate. Now, if you don't want to memorise a chart like that, an easy way to calculate the genetic outcome of a pairing is a Punnet Square. Here is a handy guide on how to use one. Replace the letters on the top and down the left side with a set of Tobiano zygosities to practise. I'm going to revise this chart and definition bit and replace the Tobiano with the Dun dilution since I'm definitely going to confuse people when I talk about linkage and KIT mutations like Tobiano. Fancy Words & Definitions ~Allele One of two genes that can occur at one special spot (locus) of a chromosome. Alleles on the same locus control the same trait. ~Chromosome A teeny structure in a cell that contains genetic information as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Chromosomes come in pairs - one from mum and one from dad. Horses have a grand total of 64 chromosomes (32 pairs). ~Dilution Dilution genes are fun and crazy things which affect the animal's base colour. They tend to lighten and change the base colours just because they can. ~Gene A segment of DNA which is on a specific locus of a chromosome. It controls inheritable characteristics like eye colour. ~Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism. People like to call genetic codes genos, eg EE/Aa/nCr/DD/nO/nT/nLp ~Locus The specific location of a gene on a chromosome. ~Phenotype The result of an expression of a genotype; what you see like hair colour or eye colour eg Dunskin Frame Overo Tobiano Appaloosa Navigation Intro: ~The Basic Base Colours Extension and agouti Dilutions: ~Cream & Pearl MATP and its shenanigans ~Champagne Shiny horsies ~The Dun Dilution Primitive ponies are pretty c: ~Silver Yes, it's a dilution. White Patterns: ~KIT Mutations Tobiano Roan Sabino White Spotting ~Frame Overo Don't just call it 'overo' ~Splashed White Panted horses ~Rabicano Not to be confused with true roan ~The Leopard Complex Spots, spots, and more spots Modifiers: Markings: ~Leg White Them reiners call it 'chrome' ~Facial White Time to crack out the sun cream and UV masks ~'Bend-Or' Spot' Spots ~'Birdcatcher' Spots More spots ~'Chubari' Spots Even more spots Random/Unexplained: ~Brindle Stripesss ~Somatic Mutations When stuff doesn't work ~Chimeras When stuff really doesn't work ~Macchiato Dilution and pattern? ~Manchado Everything's better in South America ~Gulastra Plume Mind-boggling ~Mushroom Dull grey and boring ~''Honey' These darn Morgans 'Light Black' What colour is this horse? *** Feel free to post and mark. This is a massive and ongoing WIP |
Ask Fluff
"Hi, I'm Fluff, Cookie's Pokesoana, I'd say I'm a... Flarittysicottottochu,(Flareon + Skitty + Whimsicott + Pigeotto + Pikachu) ASK ME YOUR SILLY QUESTIONS " |
memoca @ Sat May 16, 2015 12:07 pm
What is your favorite fruit? o3o |
Jadde @ Sat May 16, 2015 12:09 pm
So Fluff, what would you do if Maxie, my Crobat, came up to you and waved? |
Cherryfreeze @ Sat May 16, 2015 12:37 pm
how far can your wings carry you before you get tired? |
GIFTENS CATS
Preview: Meow, was the first word heard in the darkness........... |
the world guardians
it was an Idea that came to me through a dream, the two main characters are the brothers who look identical. they are world guardians, because the blue eyes belongs to one of many corrupted guardians who have turned into creatures. at the moment I haven't come up with names for the two brothers or the female on the right, though the one on the left is named speckle. And I don't have a name for the main villain who is the owner of the blue eyes. these cats are elementals, and can posses weapons forged from their elements. but the two brothers have an insane side, where markings appear and glow the same colour as their eyes.
chapter 1: viewtopic.php?f=78&t=2696809#p86521177 |
Rising Ember Cover [Warrior Cat Comics]
Chapter 1 : How it all began Page 1 - Page 2 - Page 3- Page 4 - Page 5 - Page 6 - Page 7 - Page 8 - Page 9 - Page 10 - Page 11 I am NOT going to be continuing the series. I'm sorry if I let anyone down (I highly doubt I did) , but I really can't continue it. I will be making another comic soon though.
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Misty WolfDog @ Fri May 15, 2015 7:36 am
I love this! Keep going!
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Smoky @ Fri May 15, 2015 3:39 pm
`•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´ THE CAT CHECKLIST #2 `•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ TESS CATS/SITTING CATS ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
xx 2008 ┗━━━━┛ July [3/6] August [2/3] September [0/1] Unreleased [0/1] Halloween [0/1] Christmas [0/3]
xx 2010 ┗━━━━┛ Staff Bdays [0/1] Halloween [1/1] Christmas [2/7] Hanukkah [0/1] x x ┏━━━━┓ 2009 ┗━━━━┛ February [8/9] April [0/2] September [4/6] November [2/2] Staff Bdays [0/2] Valentine's [1/2] Halloween [0/1] Christmas [1/21] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
xx 2013 ┗━━━━┛ Halloween [1/1]
xx 2015 ┗━━━━┛ April [1/1] ┏━━━━┓ 2014 ┗━━━━┛ Store Pets [3/3] Egypt Event [1/1] Halloween [1/1] Christmas [1/1] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
xx 2016 ┗━━━━┛ April [6/9] Valentine's [0/1] Christmas [1/5]
xx 2017 ┗━━━━┛ CS Bday [0/1] Lost City Event [0/4] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ `•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´ ┏━━━━━━━━━┓ MALK CATS ┗━━━━━━━━━┛
xx 2009 ┗━━━━┛ January [0/2] February [0/3] March [0/3] May [0/4] September [0/2] Valentine's [0/1] Halloween [0/1]
xx 2013 ┗━━━━┛ xNovember [0/2] x
2010 ┗━━━━┛ February [0/3] October [0/3] November[0/3] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ `•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´´¯``•• .¸¸.•´´¯``•.¸¸.••´ ┏━━━━━━━━━┓ CAT ITEMS ┗━━━━━━━━━┛
xx 2009 ┗━━━━┛ October [0/6] Staff Bdays [0/2] CS Bday [0/1] Christmas [0/1]
xx 2013 ┗━━━━┛ Easter [0/3] Halloween [0/7] Christmas [1/7] ┏━━━━┓ 2010 ┗━━━━┛ June [0/1] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
xx 2014 ┗━━━━┛ Easter [3/4] Christmas [0/4]
xx 2016 ┗━━━━┛ Easter [0/1] Christmas [0/13] ┏━━━━┓ xx 2015 ┗━━━━┛ St. Patrick's [0/3] Easter [2/2] Christmas [6/8] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
xx 2017 ┗━━━━┛ Easter [0/1] CS Bday [0/1] Lost City Event [2/4] |
100 Warrior Cat Challenge!
yay!
i've decided to do the 100 warrior cat challenge. the 100 warrior cat challenge is when you have a list of warrior cats and you have to draw each cat c: here's the list!: 1. Firestar 2. Bluestar 3. Tallstar 4. Blackstar 5. Tigerstar 6. Leopardstar 7. Crookedstar 8. Onestar 9. Leafpool 10. Spottedleaf 11. Yellowfang 12. Cinderpelt 13. Barkface 14. Jayfeather 15. Willowshine 16. Mothwing 17. Littlecloud 18. Stormfur 19. Feathertail 20. Squirrelflight 21. Brambleclaw 22. Crowfeather 23. Tawnypelt 24. Lionblaze 25. Nightstar 26. Hollyleaf 27. Sorreltail 28. Hawkfrost 29. Longtail 30. Darkstripe 31. Graystripe 32. Silverstream 33. Oakheart 34. Mistyfoot 35. Stonefur 36. Whitestorm 37. Scourge 38. Bone 39. Barley 40. Thunderstar 41. Leafstar 42. Sharpclaw 43. Cherrypaw 44. Sparrowpaw 45. Runningwind 46. Cloudtail 47. Brokenstar 48. Dustpelt 49. Ferncloud 50. Spiderleg 51. Daisy 52. Birchfall 53. Berrynose 54. Heatherpaw 55. Brackenfur 56. Cinderheart 57. Ravenpaw 58. Sandstorm 59. Willowpelt 60. Brindelface 61. Goldenflower 62. Sasha 63. Mousefur 64. Half Moon 65. Brook where small fish swim 66. Smudge 67. Lionheart 68. Speckletail 69. Russetfur 70. Riverstar 71. Deadfoot 72. Raggedstar 73. Redtail 74. Brightheart 75. Ashfur 76. Graypool 77. Windstar 78. Mudclaw 79. Breezepaw 80. Nightcloud 81. Cody 82. Millie 83. Poppyfrost 84. Honeyfern 85. Hazelleaf 86. Whitewing 87. Frostfur 88. Dappeltail 89. Molepaw 90. Foxpaw 91. Icepaw 92. Talon of swooping eagle 93. Stoneteller 94. Princess 95. Night of no stars 96. Shadowstar 97. Patchpelt 98. Swiftpaw 99. Fallenleaves 100. Mapleshade i may or may not do them in order, but i will try to do all of them! i will put marks next to the ones i've done c: |
sheepsorrel @ Thu May 14, 2015 12:13 pm MARK |
Cloudflame @ Thu May 14, 2015 12:14 pm Marking with interest. |
Hawky<3 @ Thu May 14, 2015 12:16 pm
thanks for the interest guys <3
while i'm drawing firestar, i'm hosting a join.me! you can watch my screen while i work c: https://join.me/751-421-735 |
Ask Smokey
Those eyes, they took 13 colors |
tangerinefox @ Tue Apr 21, 2015 8:37 am has your tail ever bothered you? Does it feel warm? |
Atomic Samurai @ Thu May 14, 2015 1:48 pm Answered |
allyquarius @ Thu May 14, 2015 7:09 am
So is it based off a song or? edit; Oh, I see its Shiver the song is shiver |
Io amo l'Italia
[/ a young man by the name of lovino vargas lives with his close friends Laura Tim and Antonio he wants to go to the Beach with Antonio. Who will stop him? Or what happens?[center] charater designs if my grammar sucks i'm sorry XD i'm not English i'm Danish :3 art by me :3 |
Sea dog
a mermaid dog that lives in the sea wishes she could see the none-sea world. |
I swear it's just a normal day in FH.
AHAHAHAH-
okay not everyone can keep promises. So these a like little comics in one big one, they have different parts and different settings and problems. #unamusedlilna |
Kittehhcat @ Sun May 10, 2015 2:39 am
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Choose your life
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The Legacy @ Fri May 08, 2015 1:51 am Meep. |
SnakeBean @ Sat May 09, 2015 1:19 am bump |
||P I X E L S|S L E X I P||
||P I X E L S||
||S ˥ Ǝ X I Ԁ||
||P I X E L S|| ||S ˥ Ǝ X I Ԁ|| |
kobe, @ Sat Apr 04, 2015 6:02 am
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Atheon @ Sat Apr 04, 2015 12:00 pm this looks so cool! |
zoocyte @ Sat Apr 04, 2015 4:00 pm
Thank you! <3 I had fun making this ^^ |
Sound Sailing
when a child and theor cat meet an whale that can bring color into the world they live in their lives take a whole new direction
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I had this idea in my head for a while and I thought I would carry it out now this will be a simple thing but without talking also most of these will be almost no color drawings |
Marie & Li!
Be prepared Everyone! |
endless shelter;; @ Thu May 07, 2015 2:50 am Link to pages maybe? |
endless shelter;; @ Thu May 07, 2015 2:59 am page 1 from me is here! |
Aspect of the shifters
yyyyesssss |
cybzoid. @ Tue Mar 24, 2015 1:04 am Cool ouo |
CloverCatTwelve @ Wed May 06, 2015 10:24 am
In Gramr-Rong Language: |
drawing people
(argh, im throwing up because of the coloring quality) |
You can see the current script for the comic here. It will be updated every friday with 1-10 more "pages". Keep in mind these may be changed or switched around, so pay attention to the drawn comic for the cannon stuff <3 Page 1 |
Misty WolfDog @ Fri May 01, 2015 1:37 pm Adorable! <3 |
BlackWren @ Fri May 01, 2015 2:58 pm
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Horse @ Fri May 01, 2015 3:00 pm Mark <3. So cute!! |
a wild comic series appears!
what will you do? ➤ info hello! i've decided to start a comic series. these will be called doodelles. they will be somewhat true/exaggerated stories about real life or just something i wanna do. it'll be very strange. c: so, if you're into weird stuff this is for you! sometimes it has cats. ➤ characters Tried - the main character. tried tries hard at everything, but is mostly unappreciated. ➤ schedule i will try to post a comic strip once a week! if not, i'll try to post at least 3-4 a month. |
Byrdee ★ @ Sun May 03, 2015 3:14 pm ahhh! this looks fun Hawky, can't wait to see how it turns out :3 |
Ask Cosmic {us}
Open/Closed Ask Cosmic {Luna edit; us or should I say any oc} anything you want and she {Luna edit: we'll answer it} will answer it
Just know this might take a while because of my life outside my computer |
Shiba Inu @ Sun May 03, 2015 12:51 pm bump |
Monstrous tale of twig
woo comic soon |
Into Oblivion ~ Cover
New cover for my comic Into oblivion |
Sellie @ Mon Feb 10, 2014 9:19 am woah that's nice .O. |
dragons whisper @ Mon Feb 10, 2014 2:17 pm thx |
The Safe Haven @ Mon Feb 24, 2014 11:30 am Wow..im speechless ive been waiting for a comic with dragons, i cant wait |
Return of the Black Panther - A Cat Comic
The the timer is all-knowing |
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