[Asa Willow]

So most of these are probably just a result of going from a cartoony style to a more realistic one, but here's what I've got:

1. In realistic canines, especially those that follow a general wolfish body type, the body and legs should make almost a perfect square. Some dog breeds will have longer torsos and shorter legs (such as basset hounds, corgis, and many terriers), but in general it's a good rule to follow.
2. Dog legs are pretty skinny. Unless they're big puddles of fluff, they usually have very lean and short-furred legs, especially lower to the ground. Even so, they have a light curvature to them, and at the wrist the forelegs usually bump out a little before coming down into the paw, while on the back side of the forelegs they have a sort of "hock", where it juts out and then comes down to the paw at an angle.
As for the hind legs, the knee is typically a little below the belly, depending on how well-fed the dog is, of course. The thigh is the most meaty part, and then it tapers to the ankle. Past the ankle is the narrowest part. Unlike the forelegs, the hind legs do not have a "hock" right before the paw.
A general rule of thumb for hind legs is to align the front part of the thigh and the back part of the heel. Those should pretty much always be parallel.
3. Your style is fairly cartoonish, so it's find to enlarge the head for visual appeal, but realistic dog heads are relatively small, and the necks are muscly and about as thick as the head is (the circle I drew for the head should be about as wide as the neck).

This is all super nitpicky though, and only really is needed if you want to draw more realistically. I think your style is quite nice the way it is c:

[butter-milk]

This is extremely helpful and i appreciate that you put time into this to show me the basics!