The cardiovascular and respiratory systems play key roles in our life. Those systems provide nutrients, oxygen, and defense to the body. After inhaling through your nose, the oxygen is filtered by mucus and cilia then is sent to the pharynx. From the pharynx, the air travels to the trachea and bronchus. The air continues to move through smaller and smaller passageways until it reaches the alveoli. The diaphragm relaxes and the carbon dioxide waste is exhaled.
In the heart, the Vena Cava vein carries deoxygenated blood from the body, back to the heart. This deoxygenated blood enters the heart to be oxygenated through the Right Antrum. Valves open and close, preventing blood from going backwards, and the blood goes into the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the pulmonary artery, and then into the lungs. In the lungs, capillaries wrapped around the alveoli, absorb oxygen into the blood. This is also where carbon dioxide is dropped off to be exhaled.
Once the blood is oxygenated, the pulmonary vein carries it back to the heart where it is distributed throughout the body. The left atrium carries the returning oxygenated blood to the left ventricle. After passing through the left ventricle, the blood goes through the aorta to be delivered to the body.
Blood has several different things in it that have different effects. White blood cells and platelets make up less than 1% of the blood. Platelets create blood clots, while white blood cells fight disease and illness. The red blood cells make up roughly 45% percent of blood. Red blood cells carry oxygen to other parts of the body. The oxygen is carried by the iron containing molecules on the red blood cells called hemoglobin. Plasma is what a majority of blood is made of. It is very liquid and carried nutrients for the he stomach, cell waste, and dissolved carbon dioxide. All cellular activity is powered by cellular respiration, a process where food molecules are released and captured by the cells.
The oxygen and nutrient rich blood is carried over the entire body. These arteries branch off to become smaller and smaller until they are only one cell thick capillaries. The oxygen and nutrients are absorbed by muscles and organs which is used to power the body. The deoxygenated blood is then carried back to the heart, where the process begins again.
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